The share of low-income countries in global exports nearly tripled between 1990 and 2015, driven largely by the rapid emergence of China as an exporting powerhouse. While research in economics had long acknowledged that trade with lower-income countries could raise income inequality in Europe...

Expansions or contractions of sectors intensively use female labor must affect female labor force participation (FLFP). We suggest that, whenever trade and international specialization expand sectors intensive in female labor, FLFP actually drops. This is because expansions of those sectors come...