It is widely understood that the 1978 market-oriented economic reforms set the stage for China's phenomenal growth and … initiatives are thought to have assisted the flow of knowledge and skills into China. Such flows are known to help deepen human … investment and innovation choices to influencing productivity outcomes among trading partners. This study presents an empirical …

The 2018 U.S.-China trade war has spurred wide-spread debates about the effects of Chinese imports on U.S. society. We … examine the effect of United States' conferral of Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) on China — a policy that eliminates … the uncertainty of future tariff increases for Chinese goods — on U.S. firm innovation. We find a significant increase in …