investment treaty arbitration does not support fair and independent adjudication of the boundaries of sovereign authority and of …

The use of arbitration in investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) enables foreign investors to sue host states for … of commercial arbitration that uphold contract law. When used to resolve disputes between foreign companies it is an … exercise in private international law. Arbitration in ISDS, however, operates at the level of public international law, because …

received various and conflicting answers: is investment arbitration a public or a private method of dispute settlement? A key … criticism levelled at investment treaty arbitration is that public interest disputes are decided by a system of private justice …. This article critically reviews the dominant interpretations of investment treaty arbitration as public, private, or hybrid …

approaches in domestic courts in advanced economies, an approach rarely taken in analysing investor-state arbitration. The first … the early 19th century with generally strong support for commercial arbitration based on ad hoc fee-based remuneration …; and similarities and differences between commercial arbitration and investment arbitration, focusing how the largely …

arbitration, even where no judgement has been made regarding the application of those laws to the case at hand …

(partly) answer investment law's legitimacy crisis by influencing changes in arbitral reasoning so that investment arbitration …-known disagreements persist over the relevant audience for investment arbitration, the task of building widely-perceived legitimacy …

Despite the non-binding nature of investment arbitration decisions beyond the circle of disputing-parties, arbitration … tribunals rely on earlier decisions ‘whenever they can'. However, arbitration practice shows that opinions diverge when it comes … to deciding how much influence those earlier arbitration decisions should exert. These diverging opinions result from …