Turkey’s policy in the Black Sea region is the result of not only a complex relationship with Russia but also of a difficult relationship with the West. In particular, US policy in the Middle East has a major impact on how Ankara positions itself in the Black Sea region. An important feature...

The South Caucasus region has a strategic geopolitical significance due to its importance for energy transports to Europe, but the conflicts, the pandemic and the instability affect people's safety. Moreover, these conflicts are an obstacle to the economic and social development of these...

This paper aims to analyse the cooperation and security dynamics that characterise the Black Sea Region (BSR) since the Russian military aggression against Ukraine in February 2022, while also considering the major historical developments in the area. The study examines the interests and actions...