Mainstream macroeconomists have a tendency to see debt as a flow variable, whereas heterodox economists emphasizes that debt should be understood as a stock-flow component in the economy. In this way changes in debt has to do with adjustments in assets and liabilities as well as in the servicing...

The often lambasted bailout loans granted by Europe and the IMF to Greece since 2010 have allowed the Greek government to enjoy effective funding costs not just similar but even much better than those of the highest quality sovereign debtors. Thanks to the bailouts and their incredibly generous...