Sovereign debt crises are difficult to solve. This paper studies the "holdout problem", meaning the risk that creditors … dataset of 23 bond restructurings with external creditors since 1994. We then study the determinants of holdouts and find that …

creditors in 2012 was a “unique and exceptional” event, never, ever to be repeated in any other Eurozone country. Maybe so. But … by the problem of non-participating creditors -- holdouts. Indeed, it is the undisguised fear of holdouts and the … creditors of Eurozone countries receiving bailouts (the belated Greek restructuring being the sole exception).This article …

sample covers 327 sovereign debt restructurings with external private creditors over 205 default spells since 1815. Creditor …" applicable to future defaults. Poorer countries, first-time debt issuers, and those that borrowed heavily from external creditors …