The key point is about Russia, old and new, being a counterrevolutionary power: Russia's post- Napoleonic War and … moreover post-1848 policy was counterrevolutionary abroad and conservative, even when reformist, at home, as is Russia … intervention, e.g. in Syria, are Soviet. The main difference as compared to both, Tsarist Russian and Soviet, is Russia's lack of a …

respect to Russia, a similar approach suggests itself. First, because Russia's aggression against Ukraine has significantly … worsened the situation in Europe and beyond for the foreseeable future. Second, because the conception of a Russia policy based …