This study analyzes the impact of reducing inflation volatility and the impact of enhancing financial institutions on economic welfare. First, an empirical analysis of the impact of inflation, inflation volatility, and financial institutions on a country’s sovereign debt rating is undertaken....

This study analyzes the impact of reducing inflation volatility versus the impact of improving financial institutions with regard to the country’s sovereign debt rating. An empirical analysis of the impact of inflation, inflation volatility and financial institutions on a country’s sovereign...

This study revisits sovereign credit ratings, contagion and capital flows to Emerging Markets (EMs), and clarify the relationship between them. Specifically, this study analyzes how the changes in sovereign rating influence different types of capital flows to EMs and whether the changes in the...

Purpose This paper aims to assess to what extent the COVID-19 shock is expected to create a debt crisis in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) through two main questions: what are the main determinants of EMDEs external vulnerability? How vulnerable are EMDEs to the current...

The paper makes two main contributions. First, it analyzes net foreign assets and liabilities in selected Arab countries over the past two decades, emphasizing the relative significance of direct versus portfolio investment. It distinguishes between foreign direct investment, portfolio equity...