The bottom-up national approaches to implement global climate policy under the current United Nations scheme raise concerns about carbon leakage and distributive justice. To limit these concerns, some propose switching to a consumption based emission accounting principle and implementing an...

The European Union (EU) has been advocating climate policy ambitions from the very beginning of the international climate regime. Climate action to support the implementation of the Paris Agreement (2015) involves nearly all fields of national and international policy-making. In this research...