the world economy in case of a pandemic (COVID-19) or war (Russian-Ukraine War). The main objective of this research is to … evaluate the economic damage levels generated from war or pandemics in the short run. The economic damage in this research is … financial crisis. This research assumes that the world economy always is influenced by five global forces' behavior …

to 3.5 percent of world GDP, and are expected to widen again this year. The IMF's multilateral approach suggests that … global excess balances narrowed to 0.9 percent of world GDP in 2021 compared with 1.2 percent of world GDP in 2020. The … in 2021 with opposite effects on the external position of exporters and importers, a trend that the war in Ukraine is …