The aim of this paper is to review the state of art regarding the theoretical foundations of gravity equations applied to trade flows. Micro-foundations of the supply side and of the demand side are presented such as new models where a) general equilibrium constraints are taken into account b)...

This article provides a theoretical synthesis of the New Economic Geography to analyse the links between trade, FDI and migrations. We find that liberalizing from high trade costs, a country can attract both capital and labour – the bifurcation pattern is a gradual peripheral exodus of worker...