The study of Economics as a discipline of Social Sciences has attracted a significant number of cross – disciplinary researches. A lot of emphasis has been bestowed upon the applications and implementations of the universal laws and results approved by the ‘natural' disciplines of Physical...

One of the best established empirical results in international economics is that bi-lateral trade decreases with distance. Although well-known, these results have not been systematically analyzed before. We examine 1052 distance effects estimated in 78 papers. Information collected on each...

It has been argued that a depletable resource owner might optimally increase near-term supply in response to environmental policies promoting the development of alternative resources, which might render climate policy ineffective or even counterproductive. This paper empirically confirms this...

For the estimation of structural gravity models using PPML with countrypair, exportertime and importer-time effects it proves useful to exploit the equilibrium restrictions imposed by the system of multilateral resistances. This yields an iterative projection based PPML estimator that is...

Large cities (central places) excessively export to smaller cities in their surrounding hinterland. Using Japanese inter-city trade data, we identify a substantial centrality bias: Shipments from central places to their hinterland are 50%-125% larger than predicted by gravity forces. This upward...

Gravity Equations are broadly used to estimate the impacts of trade impediments on trade flows. It is often stated that results are implausibly high. In theoretical foundations of the gravity equation, trade costs usually enter as "icebergmelting-costs". This paper offers an alternative approach...

Many studies have found that international borders represent large barriers to trade. But how do international borders compare to domestic border barriers? We investigate international and domestic border barriers in a unified framework. We consider a unique data set of exports from individual...