(Comtrade) database (through the World Bank's World Integrated Trade Solution, or WITS, software) and include imports and … region and income group, as defined by the World Bank. A separate data set provides bilateral trade flows (by partner) at the … Conference on Trade and Development and from the World Trade Organization's Trade Policy Reviews and Integrated Database …

We estimate the effect of international trade on average labor productivity across countries. Our empirical approach … empirical grounds. In contrast to the marginally significant and non-robust effects of trade on productivity found previously … empirical analysis. We also examine the channels through which trade and institutional quality affect average labor productivity …