, inter alia, by the IMF (2016) and by us (2017), with a view to explaining the "missing" trade flows unpredicted by GDP …-based import models during the trade collapse of 2009 and subsequent recovery from it. At the time, it appeared that the …/global imports, over entire economy cycles (a phase of trade expansion, a sudden collapse and a recovery). Moreover, by weighting …

remaining share of the global trade slowdown, not explained by demand factors. Protectionism does not come up as statistically …Since the recovery from the great financial crisis in 2010, global real trade flows grew much slower than pre …) A debate has arisen as to whether this global trade slowdown, and related falling trade-to-income elasticity, was …

remaining share of the global trade slowdown, not explained by demand factors. Protectionism does not come up as statistically …Since the recovery from the great financial crisis in 2010, global real trade flows grew much slower than pre …) A debate has arisen as to whether this global trade slowdown, and related falling trade-to-income elasticity, was …

whether the historically well-documented relationship between growth, real exchange rates and trade protectionism has broken … measures. We find that the specter of protectionism has not been banished: Countries continue to pursue more trade … differences in the recourse to trade protectionism across countries: trade policies of G20 advanced economies respond more …

estimate the impact of national borders on global and regional trade flows. Results show that difficulties faced by developing … still have an influence on trade patterns, they do not seem to explain an important part of the border effect. Last, our … expected ranking between their respective trade impact …

Was the collapse of world trade between 1928 and 1937 caused by higher transport costs, increased protectionism or the … equilibrium effects of bilateral distance, international borders, and the payment system on trade. My results suggest that had … average tariff and non-tariff trade barriers remained at their 1928 level, total international trade would have been 64 …

Sub-Saharan Africa's declining importance in global trade is primarily due to its inability to remain competitive in …) higher. External protection against Africa has not played an important role in this decline, in fact, OECD trade preferences …'s own trade barriers are considerably higher than those of most other developing countries, particularly those that launched …

chain linkages. Using 2016 confidential firm-trade linked data, we document the implied incidence and scope of new import …