One of the institutions involved in coffee value chain in Indonesia is the cooperative. We compare the experience of two cooperatives in exporting coffee beans. The Margamulya Coffee Producer Cooperative currently exports coffee beans directly and through an exporter, while the Mitra Malabar...

The Nile is the lifeblood of northeastern Africa, and its roles for and interdependency with the national economies it traverses and binds together grow as it moves from source to sea. With rapid economic development—population growth, irrigation development, rural electrification, and overall...