China, Russia, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Their engagement has been most evident in the areas of direct … investment, trade and energy security. Investments from these countries can increase the risk of “corrosive capital”, which could … intensifying rivalry between the EU on the one hand and Russia and China on the other, the question therefore arises as to how the …

remains Russia's most important trading partner and is by far the most important source of foreign direct investment to Russia …In this note, we review recent data concerning Russia's economic integration with other countries. We first analyze the … general picture of Russia's economic integration with the rest of the world and the importance of foreign economic relations …

in terms of Chinese foreign direct investment in, or portfolio flows to, Russia. Meanwhile, Europe remains Russia …China's economic ties with Russia are deepening, particularly in terms of trade and cross-border lending, but less so … become more of a competitor to the European Union on Russia's market. Increasing competition between European and Chinese …

, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine - and with Russia have deviated from those of the EU in several important ways. During … - unsurprisingly - underperformed. However, Austrian investments in Russia have shown greater resilience than EU investments … companies that have completely withdrawn from Russia or are in the process of doing so, probably explaining in part why its …