The U.S. opioid crisis is now driven by fentanyl, a powerful synthetic opioid that currently accounts for 90% of all opioid deaths. Fentanyl is smuggled from abroad, with little evidence on how this happens. We show that a substantial amount of fentanyl smuggling occurs via legal trade flows,...

Illicit trade has long been a central feature of Latin America’s engagement in the world. In this chapter we first briefly sketch the scope and dimensions of illicit trade in the region, and stress the importance of various types of power asymmetries. Drawing on illustrations primarily from...

In this essay I discuss the role of cooperation in the process of innovation. I argue for a reorientation of the way we conceptualize economic behavior, taking account of the centrality of cooperation as a driving force of economic dynamism. I also seek to distinguish between different forms of...