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This paper uses all Value Added Tax (VAT) changes across all EU Member States from 1988 to 2016 to estimate the effect of VATs on trade flows. We find small elasticities of trade flows with respect to VATs, in spite of some of the VAT changes being substantial. We estimate substantially smaller...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012850646
This paper uses all Value Added Tax (VAT) changes across all EU Member States from 1988 to 2016 to estimate the effect of VATs on trade flows. We find small elasticities of trade flows with respect to VATs, in spite of some of the VAT changes being substantial. We estimate substantially smaller...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012480139
This paper uses all Value Added Tax (VAT) changes across all EU Member States from 1988 to 2016 to estimate the effect of VATs on trade flows. We find small elasticities of trade flows with respect to VATs, in spite of some of the VAT changes being substantial. We estimate substantially smaller...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012863700
developments in oil and gas production and exports from Russia and Caspian countries are covered in detail leading to the …
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-Pacific, with a view to determining the security implications for Australia. Russia is important for global energy security chains …
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Russland versucht seit Beginn des Jahres 2006 die Spielregeln auf dem internationalen Energiemarkt zu seinen Gunsten zu … Rohstoffimporten werden ansteigen. Russland glaubt, künftig zwischen den europäischen und asiatischen Märkten wählen und mit anderen … Exportstaaten der Region ein Gas-Kartell aufrichten zu können. Beobachter bezweifeln, ob Russland selbst über genügend …
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