COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating effect on both lives and livelihoods in 2020. The arrival of effective vaccines can be a major game changer. However, vaccines are in short supply as of early 2021 and most of them are reserved for the advanced economies. We show that the global GDP loss of...

After Second World War the international economic regimes and institutions were dominated by northern developed countries. Since the first decades of independence itself, India has questioned this inequality and argued for New International Economic Order. But power asymmetry between north and...

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the at times problematic interplay of regional and bilateral treaties regulating international economic law. Though academics have long debated whether regional and bilateral instruments threaten the hegemony of the multilateral trading system, no...

The liberal international legal order faces a legitimacy crisis today that becomes visible with the recent anti-internationalist turn, the rise of populism and the recent Russian invasion of Ukraine. Either its authority or legitimacy has been tested many times over the last three decades. The...

This paper is an attempt to provide an ideological postulation of Adam Smith and Karl Marx on globalization. This paper gives a fair picture of the different dominant nations over a period of time from sixteen century till 2010. The industrialzation in Europe and later on in North America...

This paper studies the relationship between Asia’s economic engagements in Africa and individual African nations’ participation in global value chains (GVC) over the past two decades. We find that while overall exports from Africa to Asia are still highly concentrated in resource-intensive...

This paper will demonstrate what China was doing, is doing and will do for its economic expansion during and after global crisis. Many thoughts and theories about Chinese economic reforms are analyzed. The road map and goal of Chinese economic growth are examined and outlined in this paper....

Since Chinese economy takes a fast growth path toward the top of the world economy, it is interesting to examine China's way of development. This paper will demonstrate what china was doing, is doing and will do for its economic expansion during and after global crisis. Many thoughts and...