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in a signifcantly positive way to regional trade liberalization. We also find robust evidence that RTA liberalization … Granger-causes GATT/WTO liberalization. Thus, our results indicate that RTAs do not undermine the MTS but serve as building …
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This paper argues that different types of trade liberalization { multilateral versus regional { may lead to different R&D and productivity levels of firms. Trade agreements between countries are modelled with a network: nodes represent countries and a link between the nodes indicates the...
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In this chapter, I review the literature on governments’ motivations for negotiating and joining international trade agreements. I discuss both normative explanations for trade agreements and explanations based on political-economy concerns. Most of the chapter focuses on the purpose of...
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This study analyzes whether ongoing liberalization has resulted in more profound trade expansion for Indonesia versus regional partner countries. A gravity model is first employed to find whether regional trade agreements resulted in more significant intra-regional exports or diverted trade....
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The WTO has not been able to recover since the collapse of the Doha Round in July 2008. Several ministerial conferences … to reform the WTO in 2018 and 2019. This book argues that the Trump Administration reform proposals have been much more … the proposals and called for the WTO to be development-oriented and inclusive. This book provides a critical analysis of …
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