For a very long time, the areas available for continuous long-distance trade were limited to territories the size of Braudel's Mediterranée (1949). Whatever the commercial organizations (merchants in the Roman or the Fatimid Empires, the Hanseatic League, the Florentine Companies), their trade...

‘Austerity' was the 2010 word of the year according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, with more that 250,000 clicks on the online edition. This papers examines fiscal austerity in the specific context of the 12 early members of the European Economic and Monetary Union and, for comparative...

This report argues that the UK should urge Turkey to ensure that its state of emergency declared under Article 15 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR; the Convention) remains temporary; that the emergency measures taken by Turkey following this declaration remain proportionate to...