This paper reappraises Normative Power Europe theory in light of the possible changes that a future multipolar order may bring about. If – and 'if' should still be stressed at present – the world is heading towards multipolarity between states such as the US, China, India and Brazil and...

China produces more than 90% of global rare earth minerals, all with crucial applications in the European economy. Recent export cuts by China in these minerals have raised a number of trade-related, economic and strategic concerns. Analysing the problem, this paper asks what the EU’s response...