Europe and Asia followed very different paths to economic integration after 1945. By 2000, an economic union with free … integration agreements were absent from Asia, although countries in East and Southeast Asia were becoming linked in global value …-called WTO+ issues). The outcome will be greater economic integration in Europe and Asia of countries seeking to benefit from …

This paper studies the relationship between Asia’s economic engagements in Africa and individual African nations …’ participation in global value chains (GVC) over the past two decades. We find that while overall exports from Africa to Asia are … to diversify export portfolios through exporting to Asia. Each African nation has a distinct main trade partner in Asia …

Regional economic cooperation and integration has assumed a new urgency for countries in Southern Asia in the aftermath …