The U.S. dollar plays a key role in international trade invoicing along two complementary dimensions. First, most U.S. exports and imports are invoiced in dollars; second, trade flows that do not involve the United States are often invoiced in dollars, a fact that has received relatively little...

The present paper seeks the aim to analyse the Euro-Russian relationship in the context of current situation of the political crisis provoked by the incident in Ukraine and to compare it with the elaborated model of the “Strategic Partnership”. This analysis should help us to investigate why...

The emergence of production networks has changed the structure of international trade, which a large share of intra-regional trade flows and the rising value of intermediate goods trade or network trade between countries within the same region reflect. While a production network exists in both...