The period from January 2018 to September 2019 saw an unprecedented increase in tariffs placed on U.S. imports … also indicates that U.S. effective tariffs on Chinese goods increased notably at the start of 2021 …

Herfindahl–Hirschman the index needs to pay attention to import players in ASEAN before the trade war. However, after the trade …

decline in import growth. We then construct measures of export exposure to import tariffs by linking tariffs paid by importing … import markets altogether. However, tariffed products where imports were concentrated in fewer suppliers had a smaller …