Ordoliberalism, a particular version of European Neo-Liberal thought, has played a central role in the relationship between competition law and trade policy with the European Union. The substantive component of this body of thought, which is based in Germany, emphasizes the importance of a...

On 1 July 2012 it was one year since the Free Trade Agreement between the Republic of Korea and the European Union took effect. The trade pact dedicates Chapter 11 to competition in a broad sense and disallows and sanctions certain practices and transactions involving goods or services which...

With an increasing share of global commerce taking place in digital form or facilitated by digital platforms, it is becoming increasingly important to update the rules-based framework to accommodate and enable the development of the intangibles-based data-driven economy while reconciling the...

Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) between the European Union (EU) and trade partners go far beyond mere elimination of tariffs to include such diverse issues as non-tariff barriers, competition legislation, investment protection, and more. Implementing such provisions requires deep institutional and...

Written in 2003-2004 as an early contribution to an EU-funded interuniversity project on the judicial cooperation in civil matters between the European Union's Member States and third countries, this article constitutes a concept paper providing a general overview of issues that are of interest,...

For a long time, Chinese export enterprises were afflicted by the vague WTO rules of non-market economy under anti-dumping investigations. On 15 July 2011, the Dispute Settlement Body (“DSB”) of the WTO published the report of the Appellate Body on the dispute called “European Communities...

This paper argues that there remains substantial scope for emerging markets in general - and for India in particular - to make further commitments towards greater liberalization within the services sectors and within all modes of supply provided in the General Agreement on Trade in Services...

Against the backdrop of the concomitant food, financial and economic, and climatic crises, African countries continue to negotiate the challenging Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) with the European Union (EU). While these new agreements have the potential to help African countries...

Pursuant to Article 50 TEU, Member States may decide to leave the EU, but EU law—including the principle of “sincere cooperation”—continues to apply while withdrawal negotiations take place. This creates a fundamental and underappreciated difference between withdrawal negotiations with a...

This paper explores the future EU-UK post-Brexit trade relations as they can be prefigured on the eve of the UK Parliament third final vote on the Withdrawal Agreement. In its first part, the paper provides a critical evaluation of the Article 50 TEU framework of EU-UK future trade relationship...