Brazil, the Russian Federation, India and China (Coined under the acronym BRIC at the end of 2001) are alongside the United States of America (USA), Canada, Japan, Mexico and South Africa the strategic partners of the European Union (EU). Although the relationships between the EU and each of the...

The objective of this research is provide an overview of EU integration effects on international trade and sectoral trade integration as reported by a relevant gravity model and fixed effect panel estimation. In order to evaluate the EU economic integration effects across sectors, I build up a...

This paper examines the effects of enlargement of the European Union and the NAFTA on new and non-member countries. The empirical analysis is based on the applied general equilibrium model underlying the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), version 5. The paper shows that expansions of the two...

The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) set an additional objective for the Southern Mediterranean Countries (SMCs): the prospect of 'a stake in the internal market'. The launch of this new policy has been the occasion for a revival of empirical studies aimed at assessing the impact of the...

This paper explores the impact of EU membership on foreign direct investment (FDI). It analyses empirically how the effects of such deep integration differ from other forms and investigates what drives these effects. Using a structural gravity framework on annual bilateral FDI data for almost...

Although in this part of the European continent a series of success stories developed over the last years, such as the transnational automotive sector in the middle Danubian area, there is a lack of visibility of small and medium enterprises activity on transnational level. The main aim of our...

When the Soviet Union broke up, Kaliningrad suddenly found itself separated from mainland Russia by new frontiers. Hardly any other Russian region has been hit as hard by the economic disruption as Kaliningrad. The geographical situation of the region meant that it was more highly exposed to the...

This article is about protectionism. It is divided into four parts. Part 1 reviews the philosophy of protectionism, and analyzes the various arguments that have been given to support it over the years. These arguments have generally supported producers at the expense of the general public. Part...

The article looks at the EU and China three decades relationship and the challenges and opportunities encouraged by a common view on the redesign of the international order according to a shared multilateral approach although some basic differences still exist. China’s purpose to this...