"Modern competition law was first employed by countries over one hundred years ago in order to address issues relating to restrictions of trade at the national level. Recent international economic integration has weakened the distinction between the domestic and the international in several...

The paper tracks recent developments in the USA and EU competition systems with regards to the different policy tools used to address matters arising from the intersection of IP and competition policies. The analysis compares the enforcement and advocacy efforts carried out by the different...

In the past 40 years, the EU has established a very successful and effective civil judicial cooperation scheme that applies to reduce barriers caused by coexistence of different legal systems to smooth cross-border activities and transactions in the single market. This scheme would cease being...

This article explains why the WTO and the various agreements that form an integral part of the Agreement establishing the WTO raise problems and challenges for the Court of Justice of the European Communities (ECJ). It focuses on the role of the ECJ in relation to exclusive and shared...

pt. 1. Introduction and conclusion -- pt. 2. Science and precaution in regulatory decision-making -- pt. 3. Regulatory practice : pharmaceuticals, nanotechnology and climate change -- pt. 4. Role of courts -- pt. 5. Role of stakeholders.