Economic sanctions are a frequent instrument of foreign policy. In a diplomatic conflict, they aim to elicit a change … in the policies of foreign governments by damaging their economy. However, sanctions are not costless for the sending …. We first gauge the impact of the sanctions’ regime using a structural gravity framework and quantify the trade losses in …

With ever-increasing political tensions between China and Russia on one side and the EU and the USA on the other, it … to cooperate rather than turning away from each other. By imposing a trade war on Russia, the political West could …

With ever-increasing political tensions between China and Russia on one side and the EU and the US on the other, it … to cooperate rather than turning away from each other. By imposing a trade war on Russia, the political West could …

With ever-increasing political tensions between China and Russia on one side and the EU and the US on the other, it … to cooperate rather than turning away from each other. By imposing a trade war on Russia, the political West could …

With ever-increasing political tensions between China and Russia on one side and the EU and the US on the other, it … to cooperate rather than turning away from each other. By imposing a trade war on Russia, the political West could …

sanctions. We find no evidence for systematic sanction busting. Russia does not change its trade patterns with sanctioned … purposefully undermine US sanction efforts, we test whether target countries' trade with China and Russia increases under US trade …A frequently employed argument against imposing international sanctions is that rival superpowers are likely to bust …

sanctions. We find no evidence for systematic sanction busting. Russia does not change its trade patterns with sanctioned … purposefully undermine US sanction efforts, we test whether target countries' trade with China and Russia increases under US trade …A frequently employed argument against imposing international sanctions is that rival superpowers are likely to bust …

sanctions. We find no evidence for systematic sanction busting. Russia does not change its trade patterns with sanctioned … purposefully undermine US sanction efforts, we test whether target countries' trade with China and Russia increases under US trade …A frequently employed argument against imposing international sanctions is that rival superpowers are likely to bust …

equilibrium counterfactual exercise. Each of the episodes, sanctions against Iran, Russia and Myanmar, are instructive in their …Economic sanctions are a frequently used tool of foreign policy. Constraining trade flows towards or from the target … country is supposed to coerce its government into changing certain policies. However, sanctions constitute an obstacle to …

with Russia which is accompanied by trade sanctions. The authors show how far the three Baltic States depend on trade with … Russia, the United Kingdom and the USA by a share analysis of disaggregated trade flows and a gravity analysis of trade … the free movements of goods and services. While they are still trading over-proportionally with Russia the attractiveness …