This paper makes contributions to the study of bilateral swap lines (BSLs). First, this paper fills a BSL information gap by constructing a comprehensive database of BSLs based on publicly available information, including after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, the paper provides the...

This paper examined the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on global stock markets. Daily closing prices were obtained from Wall Street data base from 1st January to 31st March 2020. For the analysis 80 trading days were used from 20th January, 2020, when the news of COVID-19 pandemic broke out to 11th...

This paper examines whether gold, and gold mining stocks, were an effective hedge during the 2020 global pandemic and 2008-2009 global financial crisis. Prior research suggests that gold’s hedging value is most evident during crisis periods, but none has compared the 2008-2009 and 2020...