Theoretical considerations suggest that the option of waiting under conditions of uncertainty affects the relative importance of firm-level productivity and distance-related transaction costs as driving forces of FDI. Yet the timing of FDI has received little attention in the empirical...

In this paper we study the choice between exporting and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Cournot duopoly framework. First, we identify the conditions necessary for exporting and FDI, depending on costs of exporting and the cost of foreign investment. Then, we discuss various...