This report examines the form regulation should take in rail freight markets to promote efficiency in railways and the … wider economy. It analyses issues of monopoly, scale economies, competition, mergers, ownership and the structure of the … Europe is reviewed. The need for regulation differs by market and, together with political constraints, this means that …

in international data. More market orientation might be related to gender wage gaps via its effects on competition in … product and labor markets and the general absence of regulation in the economy. The first approach employs meta-analysis data … Index with lower gender wage gaps. -- gender wage gap ; competition ; market orientation …