This study constructs a model of anticompetitive exclusive-offer competition between two existing upstream firms. Under exclusive-offer competition, the upstream firm's profit depends on the rival's exclusive offer. If the rival makes an exclusive offer acceptable for the downstream firm, the...

Liberalization of the telecommunications sector in Bulgaria is not a one-act development but a process, which requires legislative and enforcement practice consistency and complementarity. Bulgaria has succeeded in securing modern and flexible legislative instruments to deal with the challenges...

This paper analyzes and reviews the rapid transformation of Russian telecommunications and Internet operators over the past 20 years, from small town phone service suppliers, to top-5 global players. The approach taken is a dynamic eco-systems oriented analysis of the past 20 years evolution, to...