-price competitiveness effects contributed largely to the trade surplus in some countries, for some southern European countries the trade … countries’ composition of trade could lead to heterogeneity in the potential gains from improvements in competitiveness. … and Monetary Union (EMU) and the role of persistent losses in competitiveness. This paper starts by investigating some of …

World trade contracted sharply in late 2008 and early 2009 following the deepening of the financial crisis in September … 2008. This paper discusses the main mechanisms behind the global downturn in trade and its impact on euro area exports and … competitiveness. It finds that the euro area was hit particularly hard by the contraction in global demand. Moreover, the collapse in …

and food trade commodities. The competitiveness will be assessed through trade indicators as Revealed Symmetric …This paper analyzes the changes that occurred in Moldova’s trade of agricultural and food products since the … implementation of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA) with European Union. The research will include the analysis …