Four relationships between war and commerce -- The effect of conquest on private property and contract rights -- The effect of occupation on private property and contract rights -- The creative tension between commercial freedom and belligerent rights -- War, investment and international law --...

Following a major economic crisis in late 2001, Argentina undertook several reforms which led to investment disputes before ICSID. The major issue for the tribunals was to establish in which circumstances the ‘state of necessity' doctrine is deemed applicable to a certain situation, which...