citation-weighted patent counts at the inventor level and significantly decreased the number of science-based patents. These … 35 of Japanese patent law could distort the efficiency of corporate R&D …

largely satisfied with today's patent system while the electronics, software and Internet industries are not. This article … inventive process for pharmaceuticals. Our patent system, however, has no analogous requirement for the other fields. In them … biotech industry may be closing the gap in early-stage patenting. This article suggests two ways to improve our patent system …

This chapter summarizes the basic characteristics of patent data as an innovation indicator and reviews some of the … recent research using patent data, focusing on major developments since Griliches in 1990 [Griliches, Z. (1990). “Patent … availability of patent data on an increasingly global scale and the accompanying global spread of research using patent data. The …

in spillover benefits which can provide dynamic efficiency gains to offset the static efficiency losses of the patent … decisions reducing the quantum of inventiveness required in Australia for grant of a standard patent. It commences with a short … to patent grant, including the key elements in the complex legal approach to 'inventiveness'. The main section of the …

, alternative patent: the inclusive patent. The inclusive patent is perceived as a one-sided right geared to include rather than to …. The inclusive patent is further conceived as a registration patent obtainable at low cost. The inclusive patent regime may … be developed as a semi-codified regime where the inclusive patent entitlement is provided by law and the open source …

inventors, the technological profiles of firms and patent value. In particular, this paper focuses on the value of academic … patent belongs to a core or non-core technology relative to the firm's technological profile neutralizes the premium of non …

development through competition. We provide a novel detailed empirical study of the extent and timing of designing around patent … Edison’s incandescent lamp patent in 1891-1894 stimulated a surge of patenting. We studied the specific design features of …-infringing designs by filing date. Most of these non-infringing designs circumvented Edison’s patent claims by creating substitute …

Patent protection was introduced for plant biotechnology in the United States in 1985, and it affected crops … crop-specific technology development, I find that the introduction of patent rights increased the development of novel … increase in crop yields. Patent rights, however, could come with potentially significant costs to the consumers of technology …