An ECM is derived from first order conditions of a factor demand model. Decisions on inventory stock and capacity utilization are (endogenously) modeled, by which a large system of equations results. Within this system the exogeneity of real factor prices as well as sales is tested. The role of...

Estimation results obtained with production smoothing models are often imprecise and sensitive to normalisation rules. It is argued that production costs in these models can be better specified in terms of production factor costs. The resulting (factor demand) model with inventories leads to...