Hypothetical stock market investment experiment in six countries reveals that after controlling for the average profit in the whole stock market subjects prefer losing money rather than gaining money as long as their so-called "friends" lose more money. The sad result is that only 8.2% of the...

Expected returns, variances, betas, and alphas are all non-linear functions of the investment horizon. This seems to be a fatal conceptual problem for the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), which assumes a unique common horizon for all investors. We show that under the standard assumptions, the...