Using the panel data of energy consumption for 23 OECD countries from 2000 to 2015, this paper investigates the impacts of R&D investment in renewable energy (RE-RD) on a country’s industrial structure using the two-way fixed effects (2FE) model with moderators. The empirical results indicate...

Theoretical models of strategic investments indicate that an incumbent firm by making pre-emptive capital investments may restrict an entrant's size and increase its market share, or deter entry. This paper focuses on the incentives of pre-emptive investments to show that upward and downward...