against public investment. This budget scoring process systematically underestimates the benefits of public investment and … fund public investment is amplified by a think tank, the Penn Wharton Budget Model (PWBM). The PWBM assumes that taxes and … debt have devastating effects on economic growth and assumes away much of the benefit of public investment. These strong …

This paper employs real option analysis to evaluate the investment project to adopt energy saving and carbon emission … government support in the investment decision. That is, government support lies in two major directions to encourage the adoption … the green technology, and to increase the risk-free return rate. The candidate measures to lower the investment threshold …

uncertain fuel market returns. Without uncertainty, the unilateral investment tax is welfare-neutral: costless but ineffective … divestment. With uncertainty, the regional investment choice affects global fuel usage, and correspondingly the optimal regional … fuel policy contains a investment tax in addition to taxes on deposit supply and consumption. Even absent terms …

initial investment. We find that an emission tax alone is not sufficient to achieve the first-best outcome if the low …

investment, the paper shows how volatile carbon prices can cause risk-averse investors to forego clean investment that they would …

capacity investment must be chosen under uncertainty about demand conditions and capacity availability, and that capacity as … correspond to externalities of electricity generation (e.g., greenhouse gas reductions), and investment subsidies should …

prices, but distort consumption and investment. Market integration alleviates supply constraints, but requires costly network … reinforcement. Capacity reserves can be up- or downward distorted, but network investment is always insufficient in equilibrium …

bias effect on investment and heating decisions, emissions, policies, and deadweight loss. We show that as long as social …