This chapter discusses the alternative investment criteria commonly used in the appraisal of investment projects. The net present value (NPV) of a project criterion is widely accepted by accountants, financial analysts, and economists as the one that yields the correct project choices in all...

In the financial cash flow analysis, a set of values for the project variables are selected to carry out the analysis for the base case that are projected over the life of the investment project. The values of these variables used in the analysis and the resulting outcomes from a predictive...

Non-tradable items are those which are not traded internationally. They include items such as services where the demander and producer must be in the same location, and commodities which have low value relative to either their weight or volume. In such cases the transportation charges prevent...

The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate how a proposed investment in upgrading a gravel road to a tarred surface should be evaluated. The project is located in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. It involves upgrading of two existing, mainly gravel, roads into a tar surface road...