We question the appropriateness of using time-invariant indices as benchmarks and propose a regime-switching methodology to identify the time-varying de facto benchmarks from a pool of the market-based indices, with or without a risk-free asset. We highlight the benchmark mismatch phenomenon and...

This paper investigates the existence of herding behavior in the Chinese mutual fund market from a time-varying perspective. We examine the relationship between the dispersion of fund returns and the fund market returns using a Markov regime switching approach, and explore the driving factors of...