In 2010, the international community including the United Nations, European Union and United States imposed a series of economic and financial sanctions on the Iranian government for its controversial nuclear programme by restricting investments by multinational companies in the Iranian oil and...

There are over 3000 bilateral investment treaties in force which suggest that they have an important role in terms of promotion and attraction of foreign direct investment (FDI). This article expounds the substantive investment protection standards contained in Iranian BITs including admission,...

The article compares the substantive investment protection provisions in both Iranian investment code and the World Bank Guidelines on investment including admission of investment, treatment of investment, conditions for expropriation and standard of compensation and dispute resolution...

Iranian civil procedure code set out the rules and procedures concerning litigation of civil and commercial disputes. The article provides a practical insight into litigation and dispute resolution procedures under Iranian law including alternative dispute resolution and arbitration

In Feb 2014 Iranian government launched a new oil investment contract to replace the outdated and unattractive buyback model that had been used for more than two decades for development of oil and gas fields. The new investment model is similar to the Production Sharing Agreement (PSA) and...

The Iranian bankruptcy laws have not been reformed since the adoption of the commercial law more than half a century ago. The provision of bankruptcy law covers legal and natural persons engaged in trading activities and does not extend to individuals therefore personal bankruptcy are...

Outlines the Iranian laws and regulations on treatment of foreign investment. The provision of national treatment and non-discriminatory treatment, the transfer of funds and advantages and privileges of investment in free trade zones. Overview of government guarantees and protections against...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the remedies available under Iranian investment treaties for settlement of investment disputes. This includes the obligation of the Iranian Government to provide foreign investors access to international arbitration. The sensitivity of the...