The causality between energy consumption and real income in developed countries has been a very vital research topic in recent years. Raising concerns about climate change and global warming increase the pressure on policy makers to take action against energy depletion. Unfortunately these...

Crops insurance is one of the strategies for coping with risks in agricultural activities and to reduce the farmers' income fluctuations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the financial performance of agricultural insurance and the factors motivating farmers to insure crops in Hamadan...

Abstract Production of animal protein has a major role in the human nutrition and health and a large share of economic value-added in agricultural sector. The Iran government implemented the Subsidy Reform Plan (SRP) on December 18, 2010 as the biggest surgery to the nation's economy in half a...

The degree of popular participation in development programs is a major determinant of success or failure but the factors which make participation efforts successful still remained a mystery. Many studies have developed numerous and sometimes different views concerning to the dimensions of...

In the literature, there are many studies to measure financial liberalization indices, but none of them has studied for the case of Iran. Therefore, to fill this gap, in this paper we introduce a comprehensive indicator for financial liberalization which considers various aspects of financial...

The objective of this article is to examine the impacts of entrepreneurship on the performance of Iran's manufacturing industries using time series data over the period 1974-2006. More specifically, entrepreneurship capital measures are included in the production function of manufacturing...

Corruption undermines economic development and therefore it is one of the major factors hindering economic growth and political stability, especially in the developing countries. Studies in recent years show that countries with rich natural resources have the potential to shape corruption....

Although there are many debates about the extent of government intervention and size of it, government intervention in the economy is unavoidable. Therefore government spending and tax are irresolvable components of the economy. Government expenditure and tax are fiscal policy instruments but...

What is the effect of Shocks of oil price and exchange rate (USA$) on the Iranian point of paper and paper products? Vector Auto Regressive (VAR), estimating equations and Impulse Response Functions (IRF) Shocks of OPEC crude oil price on the point of paper and paper products were diverged, but...

To explain the impact of exchange rate volatility on international trade flows many empirical studies have investigated. Most empirical findings, which are primarily concerned with exports, confirm that an increase in exchange rate volatility tends to generate uncertainty which may have a...