This study examines the impact of international economic sanctions, imposed on Iran due to its nuclear program, on the … for Iran, using a weighted average of other comparable countries that mirror pre-sanction Iran, but did not experience … significant international sanctions. By comparing the middle-class size of this counterfactual Iran with the actual Iran that …

carbon emissions. This study investigates the impact of sanctions on Iran's energy efficiency across different industrial sub …-sectors from 2015 to 2019. We compute a sanctions index for each industrial sub-sector by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA …). This index measures how much each sub-sector has been affected by sanctions. Additionally, energy efficiency is measured …

unexpected and unprecedented international economic sanctions on Iran in 2012 and estimate the short-run effects of the change in …This paper investigates the effect of economic sanctions on employment. We exploit the imposition of a series of … import exposure on manufacturing employment at the industry level. Our estimates indicate that the sanctions led to an …

sanctions, Iran’s average annual growth could have been around 4 - 5 per cent, as compared to the 3 per cent realized. Sanctions …This paper considers how sanctions affected the Iranian economy using a novel measure of sanctions intensity based on … daily newspaper coverage. It finds sanctions to have significant effects on exchange rates, inflation, and output growth …

unexpected and unprecedented international economic sanctions on Iran in 2012 and estimate the short-run effects of the change in …This paper investigates the effect of economic sanctions on employment. We exploit the imposition of a series of … import exposure on manufacturing employment at the industry level. Our estimates indicate that the sanctions led to an …

Wide-ranging US sanctions against Iran in the past decade were in large part imposed to harm the living standards of … use extensive survey data to assess the impact of sanctions on household consumption and employment. Unsurprisingly …, reduction in Iran's export of oil, which dealt a large negative blow to the economy, reduce household expenditures across income …

, the international sanctions on Iran have damaged the informal economy even more than the formal economy. …Using Iranian-province-level data from 2001-2013, this study finds that the international sanctions of 2012/2013 had a …

The effect of sanctions, oil revenues, exchange rate, and inflation on different regimes of the Iranian stock market is … sanctions and inflation, respectively. Considering the institutional quality case, inflation brings about an improvement in the …. Accordingly, within increasing the sanctions case, if the institutional quality has been also enhanced; an increase in the number …