Halal is becoming a universal sign for quality assurance and standard of living. The world market for halal goods and services is rising into influential energy pitch of world commerce and finance. Halal products and Islamic Financial Services (IFS) have a market share of one trillion USD...

Halal has become a universal sign for quality assurance and standard of living. The world market for halal goods and services is rising into influential energy in the pitch of world commerce and finance. Halal products industry have market share of over US$ 3 trillion annually, and rapid growth...

Income smoothing refers to the use of accounting techniques to level out net income fluctuations from one period to the next. Companies indulge in this practice to manipulate the earnings over the period in order to lower the level of uncertainty. The companies with constant earnings attract...