calculative costs of capital, and a model specification built on the modern understanding of banks as centers of value creation …. The results of the conducted static and dynamic regression analyses show that profitable banks operate with higher … cost leadership for the European banking market. Banks following this strategic position were able to achieve higher excess …

1) Are Italian mutual banks efficient? Evidence from two different cost frontier techniques, by Juan Sergio Lopez …, Alessandra Appenini, and Stefania P.S. Rossi. The aim of the first paper is to analyze the efficiency of co-operative banks in … small financial institutions that used to operate in a more protected environment. Based on a panel of about 450 banks …