This note uses comparable representative data for manufacturing firms from five European countries (Germany, France …, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) to investigate the links between firm age and the participation of the firms in export …, the share of exports in total sales, the number of countries exported to, and the participation in import. The big picture …

-correction models for the U.S., Japan, Germany, France, and Italy indicates that changes in the real exchange rate are not fully passed … through into import prices, not even in the long run. By modeling the dynamic behavior of import suppliers as an inter … the long run as well as in the short run. Thus, a proper distinction might be crucial when predicting import price …

manufacturing firms. First, there is a negative correlation between firms' productivity and their export share to low …-income destinations. Second, there is a negative correlation between firms' innovation activity and their export share to low …