The paper introduces a modified version of the demographic balance equation commonly used in human demography in the study of populations of permanent crops. The proposed methodology is then applied to analyzing the evolution of the Italian vineyard. In short, the study measures different...

The aim of this paper is to analyze private pension systems financed by pay-as-you-go, with a focus on the pension funds of the Italian Professional Orders. The research centres on the financial and demographic risks and on their impact on the future evolution of the fund. It presents a model to...

This chapter addresses the issue of the financial sustainability of public PAYG pension schemes. Criticalities and, in particular, demographic risks affecting those schemes have been analysed. A possible solution to reduce demographic risk impact is presented, that is the introduction of a...