We estimate the marginal treatment effect of childcare use on mothers' labor market outcomes by exploiting a staggered … propensity to use childcare, which implies that mothers who increase their labor supply more are less likely to use childcare …. Negative selection into treatment arises, because the childcare rationing rule gives preferential treatment to mothers working …

payments in households where the annual income of the higher-earning exceeded their threshold encouraged mothers to start ….Furthermore, we find that some mothers who started working as part-time workers because of the cuts in CB used to work full …-time before giving birth and quit after giving birth. Even though the mothers resumed work outside the home, expenditure on …

We estimate the marginal treatment effect of childcare use on mothers' labor market outcomes by using a staggered … negatively associated with the propensity to use childcare, which implies that mothers who increase their labor supply the least … when subjected to the treatment are those mothers with the highest underlying tendency to use childcare. Because the …

payments in households where the annual income of the higher-earning exceeded their threshold encouraged mothers to start …, we find that some mothers who started working as part-time workers because of the cuts in CB used to work full …-time before giving birth and quit after giving birth. Even though the mothers resumed work outside the home, expenditure on …